Chapter 72: Madagascar

283      “Time and again, I have stated what needs . . .” Alice Weidel on the General Debate on the 2024 Federal Budget of the 31st of January 2024, trans. Empire Caption Solutions.

283      “Again, closing and controlling the borders, rejecting . . .”  Alice Weidel on the General Debate on the 2024 Federal Budget.

283      “That is the enforcement of . . .”  Alice Weidel on the General Debate on the 2024 Federal Budget.

283      “across the parquet floor . . . with a folded napkin” Marcus Bensmann et al., “Secret Plan Against Germany,” Correctiv, January 15, 2024, correctiv.org/en/latest-stories/2024/01/15/secret-plan-against-germany/.

283      introduced Martin Sellner Bensmann et al., “Secret Plan Against Germany,” correctiv.org/en/latest-stories/2024/01/15/secret-plan-against-germany/.

283      encouraged . . . “masterplan” of “re-migration” . . . could agree with Gernot Mörig quoted in Bensmann et al., “Secret Plan Against Germany,” correctiv.org/en/latest-stories/2024/01/15/secret-plan-against-germany/.

283      “whether or not we in the West will survive” Mörig quoted in Bensmann et al., “Secret Plan Against Germany,” correctiv.org/en/latest-stories/2024/01/15/secret-plan-against-germany/.

283–284 listed . . . forcibly removed from Germany The Correctiv report states, “There are three target groups of migrants, [Sellner] explains, who should be extradited from the country—or, as he puts it, ‘foreigners’ who should undergo ‘reversed settlement’. They are: asylum seekers, non-Germans with residency rights, and ‘non-assimilated’ German citizens.” Bensmann et al., “Secret Plan Against Germany,” correctiv.org/en/latest-stories/2024/01/15/secret-plan-against-germany/.

283–284 “German residents into those who . . .” Bensmann et al., “Secret Plan Against Germany,” correctiv.org/en/latest-stories/2024/01/15/secret-plan-against-germany/.

284     suggested . . . to a “model state” in North Africa  Bensmann et al., “Secret Plan Against Germany,” correctiv.org/en/latest-stories/2024/01/15/secret-plan-against-germany/.

284     Any antiracist person . . . could be removed too Bensmann et al., “Secret Plan Against Germany,” correctiv.org/en/latest-stories/2024/01/15/secret-plan-against-germany/.

284     “Sellner’s concept is eerily reminiscent of . . .” Bensmann et al., “Secret Plan Against Germany,” correctiv.org/en/latest-stories/2024/01/15/secret-plan-against-germany/.

284     pitched to Hitler, “Some Thoughts on the Treatment of Alien Populations in the East”  Christopher R. Browning, The Path to Genocide: Essays on Launching the Final Solution (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 16. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/24952308.

284     “I hope to see the term ‘Jew’ completely eliminated . . . to Africa or to some colony”  Heinrich Himmler, “Some Thoughts on the Treatment of Alien Populations in the East,” May 15, 1940, in Nazism 1919–1945: A Documentary Reader, Volume 3: Foreign Policy, War and Racial Extermination, eds. Jeremy Noakes and Geoffrey Pridham (Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press, 2014), 324. To find an edition of this book at a local library, see search.worldcat.org/title/1295440404.

284     had colonized Madagascar Solofo Randrianja, “Colonialism, Nationalism, and Decolonization in Madagascar,” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, Oxford University Press, 2022, oxfordre.com/asianhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-675.

284     world’s fourth-largest island as a destination . . . to send European Jews Jeremy Noakes and Geoffrey Pridham, “Jewish Emigration and Deportations April 1940–September 1941 and the ‘Madagascar Plan,’” in Nazism 1919–1945, eds. Noakes and Pridham, 3:468. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1295440404.

284     In the summer of 1940 . . . developed what became known as  Noakes and Pridham, “Jewish Emigration and Deportations April 1940–September 1941 and the ‘Madagascar Plan,’” 3:468; and Ian Kershaw, Hitler: A Biography (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2008), 576–577. Find the former at search.worldcat.org/title/1295440404 and Kershaw’s Biography at search.worldcat.org/title/500873821.

284     “The imminent victory [against France] gives Germany . . .” Franz Rademacher, “The Jewish Questions in the Peace Treaty,” July 9, 1940, in Nazism 1919–1945, eds. Noakes and Pridham, 3:468. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1295440404.

284     “The desirable solution is: All Jews out of Europe” Rademacher, “The Jewish Questions in the Peace Treaty,” 3:468. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1295440404.

284     proposed in the peace treaty . . . “for the solution of the Jewish question”  Rademacher, “The Jewish Questions in the Peace Treaty,” 3:469. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1295440404.

284     approved the plan  Noakes and Pridham, “Jewish Emigration and Deportations April 1940–September 1941 and the ‘Madagascar Plan,’” 3:470; and Kershaw, Hitler: A Biography, 578. Find the former at search.worldcat.org/title/1295440404 and Kershaw’s Biography at search.worldcat.org/title/500873821.

284     required victory. . .enforcing a blockade around Europe and Africa  Kershaw, Hitler: A Biography, 577. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/500873821.

284     “Final Solution”  “Killing centers (also referred to as ‘extermination camps’ or ‘death camps’) were designed to carry out genocide. Between 1941 and 1945, the Nazis established five killing centers in German-occupied Poland—Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, and Auschwitz-Birkenau (part of the Auschwitz camp complex) . . . The overwhelming majority of the victims of the killing centers were Jews. An estimated 2.7 million Jews were killed in these five killing centers as part of the Final Solution.” “Nazi Camps,” Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, January 30, 2024, encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/nazi-camps.

285     remigrated immigrants of color to South Sudan . . . and Ghana  Edward Acquah and Mark Banchereau, “11 Migrants Deported by US to Ghana Were Sent Home Despite Safety Concerns, Their Lawyer Says,” Associated Press (AP) News, September 23, 2025, apnews.com/article/ghana-us-west-african-migrants-deported-0e8ff2aa79ba5ae87888853c223d99a4.

285     proposed . . . to South Sudan Aaron Boxerman et al., “Israel Is in Talks to Send Gazans to South Sudan, Officials Say,” New York Times, August 18, 2025, www.nytimes.com/2025/08/18/world/middleeast/israel-gazans-south-sudan.html.

285     “On day one, I will launch the largest . . .”  LiveNOW from FOX, “Full Speech: Trump Holds MSG Rally in NYC | LiveNOW from FOX,” YouTube, October 27, 2024, youtu.be/bzVT4YEYsuI?si=c52oI7Wk-fLz2vTT, 16:20–16:27.

285     “I will rescue every city and town . . .” LiveNOW from FOX, “Full Speech: Trump Holds MSG Rally in NYC,” youtu.be/bzVT4YEYsuI?si=c52oI7Wk-fLz2vTT, 16:29–16:33.

285     more than 102,000 immigrants . . . more than $148 million Sergio Martínez-Beltrán, “Texas Has Spent More Than $148 Million Busing Migrants to Other Parts of the Country,” Texas Tribune, February, 21, 2024, www.texastribune.org/2024/02/21/texas-migrants-busing-cost-greg-abbott/.

285     inspired by Abbott, allocated $12 million . . . like Massachusetts  Edgar Sandoval et al., “The Story Behind DeSantis’s Migrant Flights to Martha’s Vineyard,” New York Times, October 4, 2022, www.nytimes.com/2022/10/02/us/migrants-marthas-vineyard-desantis-texas.html.

285     bused more than 3,000 immigrants . . . more than $7 million “Democratic Arizona Governor to Keep Migrant Busing Program,” AP News, January 25, 2023, apnews.com/article/texas-doug-ducey-katie-hobbs-phoenix-05a1c82c361f091b897051141e251584.

285     won the governorship . . . expanded the program  Jeremy Duda, “Arizona Transports 26,000 Asylum Seekers under Hobbs,” Axios Phoenix, November 17, 2023, www.axios.com/local/phoenix/2023/11/17/arizona-migrant-bus-transport-asylum-seekers-cost.

285     proposed a “remigration commissioner”  FPÖ Secretary General Christian Hafenecker quoted in Euractiv.com with AFP, “Austria Far Right Calls for EU ‘Remigration’ Commissioner,” Euractiv, June 12, 2024, www.euractiv.com/section/migration/news/austria-far-right-calls-for-eu-remigration-commissioner/.

285     Identitarian . . . participated . . . gravesite of a Nazi air force officer  “Project Advocating the Ethnic Cleansing of Europe Launched in Switzerland,” Global Project Against Hate and Extremism, May 30, 2024, globalextremism.org/post/project-advocating-the-ethnic-cleansing-of-europe-launched-in-switzerland/; and Michael Bonvalot, “FPÖ Officials Have Been Looking After a Nazi Grave at the Central Cemetery for Years,” VICE, November 27, 2017, www.vice.com/de/article/fpo-funktionare-kummern-sich-jahrelang-um-ein-nazi-grab-am-zentralfriedhof/, via Google Translate.

285     organized . . . in July 2023  Una Hajdari, “Far-Right Activists Rally in Austria Calling for End to ‘The Great Replacement,’” Euronews, July 29, 2023, www.euronews.com/2023/07/29/far-right-activists-rally-in-austria-calling-for-end-to-the-great-replacement.

285     Hundreds of demonstrators . . . several FPÖ officials  Hajdari, “Far-Right Activists Rally in Austria Calling for End to ‘The Great Replacement,’” www.euronews.com/2023/07/29/far-right-activists-rally-in-austria-calling-for-end-to-the-great-replacement.

285     “Remigration is the solution . . .”  Gernot Schmidt quoted in Hajdari, “Far-Right Activists Rally in Austria Calling for End to ‘The Great Replacement,’” www.euronews.com/2023/07/29/far-right-activists-rally-in-austria-calling-for-end-to-the-great-replacement.

285     One of the speakers . . . Sellner  “During a speech at the protest, [Sellner] said he hopes the term ‘remigration’ will become ‘more popular than Coca-Cola' next year.” Hajdari, “Far-Right Activists Rally in Austria Calling for End to ‘The Great Replacement,’” www.euronews.com/2023/07/29/far-right-activists-rally-in-austria-calling-for-end-to-the-great-replacement.

285     proposed . . .“Ministry of Immigration, Remigration, and De-Islamization”  “PVV Releases Election Program: ‘Country Without Headscarfs, but with Traditional Dutch Coziness,’” NL Times, January 9, 2021, nltimes.nl/2021/01/09/pvv-releases-election-program-country-without-headscarfs-traditional-dutch-coziness. Wilders dropped this proposal for the 2023 general election to earn more votes. “Party Watch: Geert Wilders Says No to Immigration and the EU,” Dutch News, November 2, 2023, www.dutchnews.nl/2023/11/party-watch-geert-wilders-says-no-to-immigration-and-the-eu/.

285–286 to build a “Ministry of Remigration”  Éric Zemmour quoted in Davide Basso, “Zemmour Wants to Create Ministry to Expel Unwanted Foreigners,” Euractiv, March 23, 2022, www.euractiv.com/section/politics/short_news/zemmour-wants-to-create-ministry-to-expel-unwanted-foreigners/.

286     former accountant and a close comrade, shared . . . a remigration program  Nicolas Crochet quoted in David Harrison, “France’s National Rally Links to Violent Far-Right Group Revealed,” Al Jazeera, December 16, 2018, www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/12/16/frances-national-rally-links-to-violent-far-right-group-revealed/.

286     have found support . . . the French island territory of Mayotte  “Mahorais have voted in large numbers for far-right, nationalist politicians, who have lobbied for tougher immigration laws specific to Mayotte.” John Eligon and Julie Bourdin, “Cyclone on French Archipelago Exposes Resentments over Immigrants,” New York Times, December 25, 2024, www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/world/africa/mayotte-cyclone-chido-immigrants.html.

286     Nearly a third . . . undocumented immigrants . . . slum housing  Eligon and Bourdin, “Cyclone on French Archipelago Exposes Resentments over Immigrants,” www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/world/africa/mayotte-cyclone-chido-immigrants.html.

286     leader . . . welcomed . . . the “divine Wuambushu” Safina Soula quoted in Eligon and Bourdin, “Cyclone on French Archipelago Exposes Resentments over Immigrants,” www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/world/africa/mayotte-cyclone-chido-immigrants.html.

286     had given . . . destroy these slums and remigrate immigrants.  Eligon and Bourdin, “Cyclone on French Archipelago Exposes Resentments over Immigrants,” www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/world/africa/mayotte-cyclone-chido-immigrants.html.

286     the most impoverished region of France . . .  Eligon and Bourdin, “Cyclone on French Archipelago Exposes Resentments over Immigrants,” www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/world/africa/mayotte-cyclone-chido-immigrants.html.

286     Almost 80 percent . . . in poverty  Eligon and Bourdin, “Cyclone on French Archipelago Exposes Resentments over Immigrants,” www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/world/africa/mayotte-cyclone-chido-immigrants.html.

286     accused . . . of stealing their resources and breaking their laws  Eligon and Bourdin, “Cyclone on French Archipelago Exposes Resentments over Immigrants,” www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/world/africa/mayotte-cyclone-chido-immigrants.html.

286     reported police harassment . . . being denied entry into schools  Eligon and Bourdin, “Cyclone on French Archipelago Exposes Resentments over Immigrants,” www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/world/africa/mayotte-cyclone-chido-immigrants.html.

286     came from Comoros . . . voted to separate . . . in 1974  Eligon and Bourdin, “Cyclone on French Archipelago Exposes Resentments over Immigrants,” www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/world/africa/mayotte-cyclone-chido-immigrants.html.

286     has been better off than Comoros “French support has meant [Mayotte] is better off economically than Comoros. Many Mahorais express resentment that Comorians, who rejected France, now seek refuge and economic opportunities in a French territory.” Eligon and Bourdin, “Cyclone on French Archipelago Exposes Resentments over Immigrants,” www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/world/africa/mayotte-cyclone-chido-immigrants.html.

286     “You are happy to be in France, because . . .”  Emmanuel Macron, December 2024, quoted in Eligon and Bourdin, “Cyclone on French Archipelago Exposes Resentments over Immigrants,” www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/world/africa/mayotte-cyclone-chido-immigrants.html.

286     “pushing populations toward Mayotte . . .”  Bruno Retailleau, December 18, 2024, quoted in Eligon and Bourdin, “Cyclone on French Archipelago Exposes Resentments over Immigrants,” www.nytimes.com/2024/12/25/world/africa/mayotte-cyclone-chido-immigrants.html.

287     justified their colonization of the Americas through . . . “discovered” . . .  “The Doctrine of Discovery, 1493,” Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, accessed March 10, 2025, www.gilderlehrman.org/history-resources/spotlight-primary-source/doctrine-discovery-1493.

287     underlies the global march of racial capitalism . . . flouted the notion . . .  See “Forum Speakers Say ‘Doctrine of Discovery’ Shameful Root of Today’s Indigenous Oppression, Remnants Still Evident in Many Constitutions Must Be Removed,” United Nations, HR/5089, May 9, 2012, press.un.org/en/2012/hr5089.doc.htm.

287     considered the removal of Indigenous peoples by White Americans  See “President Andrew Jackson’s Message to Congress ‘On Indian Removal’ (1830),” Milestone Documents, National Archives, accessed March 10, 2025, www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/jacksons-message-to-congress-on-indian-removal; Mahmood Mamdani, Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996), 29, 101–102, 143–144; “A History of New Zealand 1769-1914,” New Zealand History, Ministry for Culture & Heritage, New Zealand Government, November 2, 2023, nzhistory.govt.nz/culture/history-of-new-zealand-1769-1914; Katherine Roscoe, “A Natural Hulk: Australia’s Carceral Islands in the Colonial Period, 1788–1901,” International Review of Social History 63, S26 (2018), doi.org/10.1017/S0020859018000214, 59–63; and “About the Nakba,” The Question of Palestine, United Nations, accessed March 10, 2025, www.un.org/unispal/about-the-nakba/. Visit search.worldcat.org/title/1029489311to find an edition of Citizen and Subject at a local library.

287     “the fulfillment of our manifest destiny”  Newspaper editor John L. O’Sullivan coined the term “manifest destiny” with this line in “Annexation,” United States Magazine and Democratic Review 17, no. 85 (July and August 1845), www.google.com/books/edition/The_United_States_Magazine_and_Democrati/JvE7AQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA5&printsec=frontcover, 5.

287     pushed for the remigration . . . to Africa . . . from Jefferson to Lincoln  Morgan Robinson, “The American Colonization Society,” White House Historical Association, accessed September 23, 2025, www.whitehousehistory.org/the-american-colonization-society; and Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America, rev. ed. (New York: Bold Type Books, 2023), 145–151, 155, 158, 220–221, 227–228. Visit search.worldcat.org/title/1340743269to find Stamped from the Beginning at a library near you.

287     racist legislators . . . after the abolition of slavery Tanya Katerí Hernández, Racial Subordination in Latin America: The Role of the State, Customary Law, and the New Civil Rights Response (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 19–20, 22–23.Visit search.worldcat.org/title/793421817to find this book at a local library.

287     blanqueamiento, or “whitening”  Hernández, Racial Subordination in Latin America, 20. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/793421817.

287     recruited . . . and prevented the immigration of . . .Hernández, Racial Subordination in Latin America, 26–31, 48–50; and Felipe Arocena, “How Immigrants Have Shaped Uruguay,” Culturales 5, no. 9 (2009), www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/cultural/v5n9/v5n9a5.pdf, 123. Find Racial Subordination in Latin America at search.worldcat.org/title/793421817.

287     gave travel funds . . . to settle to their countries . . . provided tax breaks  Hernández, Racial Subordination in Latin America, 28, 50–51. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/793421817.

287     passed a statute . . . to White European immigrants  Hernández, Racial Subordination in Latin America, 48. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/793421817.

287     deprived . . . legal titles to the land they have lived on for generations  Jan Hoffman French, Legalizing Identities: Becoming Black or Indian in Brazil’s Northeast (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009), 24; and Hernández, Racial Subordination in Latin America, 48. Visit search.worldcat.org/title/435526767 (Legalizing Identities) and search.worldcat.org/title/793421817(Racial Subordination in Latin America) to find these books at a local library.

287–288 In 1880 . . . 520,000 people . . . 580,000 White European immigrants  Hernández, Racial Subordination in Latin America, 26. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/793421817.

288     “4,793,981 immigrants arrived from 1851 to 1937 as compared . . .”  Hernández, Racial Subordination in Latin America, 52. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/793421817.

288     “replacists”  . Renaud Camus, You Will Not Replace Us! (Plieux, France: Renaud Camus, 2018), 20–22. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1091051149.