Chapter 59: Rising Tide of Color

235      Civil War general . . . Professor of history at Yale  “Superintendent of the Census Francis Amasa Walker,” United States Census Bureau, last updated February 19, 2025, accessed March 5, 2025, www.census.gov/library/photos/1870/francis-amasa-walker.html.

235      “among the most enterprising, thrifty . . .”  Francis A. Walker, “Restriction of Immigration,” The Atlantic, June 1896, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1896/06/restriction-of-immigration/306011/.

235      “every foul and stagnant pool . . .” “decanted upon our soil”  Walker, “Restriction of Immigration,” www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1896/06/restriction-of-immigration/306011/.

235      advocated . . . to stop . . . of Europeans  Walker, “Restriction of Immigration,” www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1896/06/restriction-of-immigration/306011/.

235–236 a sociologist . . . advocated . . . to stop . . . of Asians  “Edward A. Ross,” American Sociological Association, accessed February 25, 2025, www.asanet.org/edward-a-ross/.

236      “race suicide” Edward A. Ross, “The Causes of Race Superiority,” in America’s Race Problems (New York: McClure, Phillips, & Co., 1901), www.google.com/books/edition/America_s_Race_Problems/JNJCClyWzd4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA88&printsec=frontcover, 88.

236      founded in 1905 in San Francisco  Kaori Mori Want, “The Webb-Haney Act Passed by California State Legislature, 1913,” in 25 Events That Shaped Asian American History: An Encyclopedia of the American Mosaic, ed. Lan Dong (Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood, 2019), 140, 143. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1055568196.

236      “Keeping California White”  Asiatic Exclusion League motto quoted in Want, “The Webb-Haney Act Passed by California State Legislature, 1913,” 143. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1055568196.

236      told . . . “Keep England White” was a good motto  Paul Addison, Churchill: The Unexpected Hero (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005), 233. Visit search.worldcat.org/title/77803062to find Addison’s book at a local library.

236      “two distinct species” . . . “side by side”  Madison Grant, The Passing of the Great Race; or The Racial Basis of European History (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1916), archive.org/details/passingofgreatr00gran/page/68/mode/2up, 69.

236      “as the negroes are now replacing . . .”  Grant, The Passing of the Great Race, archive.org/details/passingofgreatr00gran/page/68/mode/2up, 69.

236      else “they amalgamate and form a population of . . .”  Grant, The Passing of the Great Race, archive.org/details/passingofgreatr00gran/page/68/mode/2up, 69.

236      “The cross between a white man and . . .”  Grant, The Passing of the Great Race, archive.org/details/passingofgreatr00gran/page/16/mode/2up, 16.

236      “great danger” . . . “replacement of a higher by a lower type . . .” Grant, The Passing of the Great Race, archive.org/details/passingofgreatr00gran/page/98/mode/2up, 98.

236      “Nordic” American For Grant’s discussion of the “Nordic” population in the United States, see Grant, The Passing of the Great Race, archive.org/details/passingofgreatr00gran/page/72/mode/2up, 72–82.

236      “uses his superior intelligence to protect . . .”  Grant, The Passing of the Great Race, archive.org/details/passingofgreatr00gran/page/98/mode/2up, 98.

236      all three appear  Grant, The Passing of the Great Race, archive.org/details/passingofgreatr00gran/page/16/mode/2up?q=%22nordic%22, 17–18, 21–24, 26, 28, 30, 32–40, 50–51, 53, 57–60, 62–64, 66–67, 70, 72–80, 81, 105, 112, 115, 120, 122, 124, 126–128, 130–132, 135, 139, 141–147, 149, 150–161, 166, 168, 170–178, 180–195, 197–203, 205–206, 209–210, 215–226 (“Nordic”); archive.org/details/passingofgreatr00gran/page/70/mode/2up?q=%22anglo-saxon%22, 71, 74 (“Anglo-Saxon”); archive.org/details/passingofgreatr00gran/page/2/mode/2up?q=%22aryan%22, 3, 18, 61–62, 64, 117, 128–129, 132, 141–143, 146, 155, 173, 180, 188–191, 196, 201–207, 209–211, 213–215, 217, 219–227 (“Aryan”).

236      most influential . . . next to Hitler’s Mein Kampf   Matthew Guterl, a Brown University history professor, writes that The Revolt Against Civilization: The Menace of the Under-Man was “a book that so potently argued for the segregation and sterilization of ‘the unfit’ (and especially immigrants into white nations) that it was quickly translated into German, and played a key intellectual role in shaping the Nazi Holocaust.” See Matthew Guterl, “A Brown Professor Explains How Americans’ Faith in Civilized Debate is Fueling White Supremacy,” Quartz, October 3, 2017, qz.com/1093545/a-brown-professor-explains-how-americans-faith-in-civilized-debate-is-fueling-white-supremacy.

236–237 Born . . . trained . . . at Boston universities “T.L. Stoddard, 66, Author of 12 Books; Editorial Writer for The Star in Washington Dies—First Work Published in 1914,” New York Times, May 2, 1950, www.nytimes.com/1950/05/02/archives/tl-stoddard-66-author-of-12-books-editorial-writer-for-the-star-in.html.

236–237 member of . . . Ku Klux Klan  Talia Lavin, “The Boundaries of Whiteness Are Protected With Blood and Bullets,” Nation, August 5, 2019, www.thenation.com/article/archive/replacement-theory-racism-white-supremacy/.

237      testified before Congress . . . Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban, Race and Racism: An Introduction, 2nd ed. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2019), 124; and      “Lothrop Stoddard: ‘In a Eugenics Court,’” Experiencing History: Holocaust Sources in Context, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, accessed March 6, 2025, perspectives.ushmm.org/item/lothrop-stoddard-in-a-eugenics-court. Find the Race and Racism library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1019837184.

237      touring Nazi Germany in 1939  Jonathan   Peter   Spiro, Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant (Burlington, VT: University Press of New England, 2009), 373–374. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/227929377.

237      met with Hitler and Heinrich Himmler  Spiro, Defending the Master Race, 373. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/227929377.

237      In 1922 .  . . published . . .  Lothrop Stoddard, The Revolt Against Civilization: The Menace of the Under Man (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1922), archive.org/details/revoltagainstciv00stod/page/n7/mode/2up.

237      “Under-Man,” or Untermensch . . .became one of the Nazis’ favorite . . . Jay Geller, Bestiarium Judaicum: Unnatural Histories of the Jews (New York: Fordham University Press, 2018), 17. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1005195545.

237      a bestseller  Frank H. Wu, “Peter Thiel and Steve Bannon Fuel a New Yellow Peril over Google and China,” The Guardian, July 17, 2019, www.theguardian.com/world/2019/jul/17/google-peter-thiel-yellow-peril-racism-tech.

237      White people . . . by the millions in World War I  Between nine and ten million soldiers died. For estimates of military deaths and civilian casualties, see Antoine Prost, “War Losses,” last updated October 8, 2014, 1914–1918 Online: International Encyclopedia of the First World War, Freie Universität Berlin, eds. Ute Daniel et al., accessed September 10, 2025, encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/war-losses/.

237      “Nordic race” . . “fight” . . . “let that fight be not a civil war . . .”  Madison Grant, “Introduction,” in Lothrop Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920), www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_W/ntVAAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover, xxx.

237      “but against the dangerous foreign races . . .”  Grant, “Introduction,” www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_W/ntVAAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover, xxx.

237      “great race . . . should ultimately pass . . .”  Grant, “Introduction,” www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_W/ntVAAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover, xxix.

237      “Thirty-seven percent of people living in sub-Saharan Africa . . .” American Enterprise Institute, “Keynote Address by UK Home Secretary Suella Braverman—9/26 Edited,” YouTube, September 28, 2023,youtu.be/dSC2PUrVuEo?si=1XZwjBtQHmbUOQ0F, 7:24–7:38.

237      roughly half migrants . . . within their home regions  A 2024 analysis of the most recently available migration data reported “of the total 30.6 million MENA migrants worldwide in 2020, 46 percent (14.1 million) remained within the region.” Brandon Marrow and Jeanne Batalova, “Middle Eastern and North African Immigrants in the United States,” Migration Policy Institute, June 12, 2024, www.migrationpolicy.org/article/middle-eastern-and-north-african-immigrants-united-states. Similarly, 52.6% of African migrants settle within their home region. “Migration Trends,” African Union Joint Labour Migration Programme, accessed October 27, 2025, jlmp.au.int/en/migration-trends.

237      used population data in . . . “The World of Color”  Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy, www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_W/ntVAAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover, 3–7.

237–238 “colored races” . . . “congested” . . .”accumulating human surplus” . . . “white world”  Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy, www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_W/ntVAAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover, 6–9.

238      “Asiatic immigration”  Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy, www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_W/ntVAAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover, 251.

238      “incomparably the greatest external problem . . .”  Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy, www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_W/ntVAAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover, 251.

238      to “unite” . . . “breed, as in a botanical garden”  “Speech of the Reichsfuehrer-SS Heinrich Himmler at Kharkow, April 1943,” in Office of United States Chief of Counsel for Prosecution of Axis Criminality, Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, vol. 4 (Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1946), www.google.com/books/edition/Nazi_Conspiracy_and_Aggression/1yzPAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA577&printsec=frontcover, 577–578.

238      “can the Continent become a Germanic Continent, capable of . . .”  “Speech of the Reichsfuehrer-SS Heinrich Himmler at Kharkow, April 1943,” www.google.com/books/edition/Nazi_Conspiracy_and_Aggression/1yzPAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA577&printsec=frontcover, 578.

238      “can gravely disorder the national life”  Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy, www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_W/ntVAAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover, 268.

238      “the colored immigrant would doom . . .”  Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy, www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_W/ntVAAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover, 268.

238      Opposition to “colored immigration” . . . all White people  Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy, www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_W/ntVAAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover, 270–271.

238      “The grim truth of the matter is this . . .”  Stoddard, The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy, www.google.com/books/edition/The_Rising_Tide_of_Color_Against_White_W/ntVAAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR3&printsec=frontcover, 298.

238      less than 1 percent of Germany’s population “Jewish Communities of Prewar Germany,” Holocaust Encyclopedia, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, accessed February 26, 2025, encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/jewish-communities-of-prewar-germany.

238      “racial hygiene”  “Eugenics,” Holocaust Encyclopedia, October 23, 2020, encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/eugenics.

238      one of the fathers of German eugenics  Henry Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995), 10. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/31604459.

238      popularized in an 1895 treatise  Robert N. Proctor, Racial Hygiene: Medicine Under the Nazis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988), 20, 24. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/16982101.

238      co-founded the German Society of Racial Hygiene  Proctor, Racial Hygiene, 17. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/16982101.

238      led . . . of . . . Society for Racial Hygiene  Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi Genocide, 12. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/31604459.

238      published . . . Outline of Human Genetics and Racial Hygiene  Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi Genocide, 13. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/31604459.

238–239 its first professor of “racial hygiene” in 1923  Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi Genocide, 12.  Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/31604459.

239      gave a copy . . . to . . . Hitler  Friedlander, The Origins of Nazi Genocide, 13. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/31604459.

239      “Jews have never yet adopted much more . . .”  Adolf Hitler, “Document 21: Hitler’s View on Anti-Semitism,” in Frank McDonough, Hitler and the Rise of the Nazi Party (Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2012), 127. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/766608918.

239      “Jews in general have maintained . . .”  Hitler, “Document 21: Hitler’s View on Anti-Semitism,” 127–128. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/766608918.

239      pleads . . . to unite . . . and accept his leadership  Alexander Verstraete, “‘We Will Ensure That the Dutch Are Back in First Place’: Geert Wilders Claims Victory for PVV,” VRT NWS, November 22, 2023,” www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2023/11/22/geert-wilders-overwinningstoespraak.

239      six months to finally strike a deal  “2024–2028 Framework Coalition Agreement,” Kabinetsformatie, accessed September 11, 2025, www.kabinetsformatie2023.nl/documenten/publicaties/2024/05/16/framework-coalition-agreement-2024. See also Euronews with AP & EBU, “Government Veers Sharply Right After Four-Party Coalition Deal,” Euronews, May 16, 2024, www.euronews.com/2024/05/16/four-right-wing-dutch-parties-to-form-government-in-coalition-deal.

239      all agree not to become prime minister Cynthia Kroet, “Who Is Dick Schoof and Why Did Geert Wilders Choose Him as New PM?’ Euronews, May 29, 2024, www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/05/29/who-is-dick-schoof-and-why-did-geert-wilders-appoint-him.