Chapter 41: Bruges

171       “When were you last at a Tory conference Georgia Pearce, “Nigel Farage Issues Warning to Sunak as He Attends Tory Conference for First Time in 36 Years,” GB News, video, October 2, 2023, updated October 3, 2023,” www.gbnews.com/politics/politics-nigel-farage-warning-rishi-sunak-tory-party-conference, 00:18–00:21.

171       “Late eighties”  Pearce, “Nigel Farage Issues Warning to Sunak as He Attends Tory Conference for First Time in 36 Years,” www.gbnews.com/politics/politics-nigel-farage-warning-rishi-sunak-tory-party-conference, 00:20–00:22.

171       “So Mrs. Thatcher?”  Pearce, “Nigel Farage Issues Warning to Sunak as He Attends Tory Conference for First Time in 36 Years,” www.gbnews.com/politics/politics-nigel-farage-warning-rishi-sunak-tory-party-conference, 00:23–00:25.

171       last attended the Tory conference as a twenty-four-year-old  Brian Wheeler, “Nigel Farage Laves Door Open to Re-Joining Tories After Election,” BBC News, October 3, 2023, www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-66997104.

171       “I spoke recently in Bruges . . .”  Margaret Thatcher, “Speech to Conservative Party Conference,” Margaret Thatcher Foundation, October 14, 1988, www.margaretthatcher.org/document/107352.

171       “how Europeans explored and colonised . . .”  Margaret Thatcher, “Speech to the College of Europe (‘The Bruges Speech’),” Margaret Thatcher Foundation, September 20, 1988, www.margaretthatcher.org/document/107332.

171       “Europe will be stronger precisely because . . .”  Thatcher, “Speech to the College of Europe (‘The Bruges Speech’),” www.margaretthatcher.org/document/107332.

172      to press for the decentralization of Europe  Michael Barker, “Racism in the Life of Farage: From Enoch Powell to Reform UK,” CounterPunch, July 9, 2024, www.counterpunch.org/2024/07/09/racism-in-the-life-of-farage-from-enoch-powell-to-reform-uk

172      early members of the Bruges Group was Nigel Farage  Alan Sked states that he first met Farage at a Bruges Group meeting in 1992, about three years after the group’s founding in 1989. See Michael Crick, One Party After Another: The Disruptive Life of Nigel Farage (London: Simon & Schuster, 2022), 56–57. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1263817186.

172      founders was Alan Sked  Alan Sked, “Confessions of a British Politician: I Created a Monster,” The Atlantic, May 6, 2015, www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/05/alan-sked-ukip-british-election/392507.

172      the world’s largest European studies program  Sked, “Confessions of a British Politician: I Created a Monster," www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/05/alan-sked-ukip-british-election/392507; and Michael Goldfarb, “Three Men and a Far-Right Party,” Politico, April 24, 2015, www.politico.eu/article/three-men-and-a-far-right-party.

172      departed in 1991 and founded the Anti-Federalist League  Goldfarb, “Three Men and a Far-Right Party,” www.politico.eu/article/three-men-and-a-far-right-party.

172      had replaced Margaret Thatcher  John Major succeeded Thatcher as the UK’s prime minister on November 28, 1990. See Michael Burton, From Broke to Brexit: Britain’s Lost Decade (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021), 65. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1281964840?oclcNum=1281964840.

172      After . . . that created the EU, Farage left the Conservative Party  “Who Is Reform Leader Nigel Farage?” BBC News, July 4, 2024, www.bbc.com/news/articles/c722409n17wo.

172      remained a member of the Bruges Group  “About Nigel Farage MEP,” The Bruges Group, accessed December 11, 2024, www.brugesgroup.com/nigel-farage-mep.

172      booklet available at a Bruges Group meeting held adjacent . . .  Simon Childs, “The ‘Deeply Worrying’ Far-Right Booklets Distributed at Tory Conference,” VICE, October 3, 2018, www.vice.com/en/article/the-deeply-worrying-far-right-booklets-distributed-at-tory-conference.

172      “a deliberate policy to replace one set of voters with another” Robert Oulds and Niall McCrae, “Moralitis, A Cultural Virus,” quoted in Childs, “The ‘Deeply Worrying’ Far-Right Booklets Distributed at Tory Conference,” www.vice.com/en/article/the-deeply-worrying-far-right-booklets-distributed-at-tory-conference.

172      “the subversive tenets of cultural Marxism”  Oulds and McCrae, “Moralitis, A Cultural Virus,” quoted in Childs, “The ‘Deeply Worrying’ Far-Right Booklets Distributed at Tory Conference,” www.vice.com/en/article/the-deeply-worrying-far-right-booklets-distributed-at-tory-conference.