Chapter 36: Two Dads

148      “I want to show you all this book”  CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,” ,
www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 39:05–39:07.

148      Chile’s first children’s book about a same-sex-led family  “With broad support, they launch “Nicolás Has Two Dads,” the First Chilean Children’s Story About Sexual Diversity,” Movimiento de Integración y Liberación Homosexual (Movilh), October 22, 2014, www.movilh.cl/con-amplio-respaldos-lanzan-nicolas-tiene-dos-papas-el-primer-cuento-infantil-chileno-sobre-diversidad-sexual/, via Google Translate.

148      “was distributed in some kindergartens and was controversial”  CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,” , www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 39:15–39:18.

148      “Would you deliver this book. . .”  CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,”www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 40:26–40:34.

148      “I opposed the delivery of that book”  CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,” www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 40:35–40:40.

148      “I am not in favor of delivering those books where the parents do not want them to be delivered”  CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,”www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 42:12–42:16.

148      “Parents must have the right . . .”  CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,” www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 41:57–42:02.

148      banned same-sex couples from adopting children  “Hungary Bans Same-Sex Couples from Adopting Children,” BBC News, December 15, 2020, www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-55324417.

148      banned transgender Hungarians from legally changing their gender identity  “Hungary Outlaws Changing Birth Gender on Documents,” BBC News, May 19, 2020, www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52727615.

148–149           “You can’t mobilize masses with fear of migration . . .”  Andras Bozoki quoted in Keno Verseck, “Hungary Has Passed New Anti-LGBTQ+ Legislation,” Deutsche Welle (DW), June 15, 2021, www.dw.com/en/hungary-approves-law-banning-lgbtq-content-for-minors/a-57909844.

149      “That's why Orban now resorts . . .”  Bozoki quoted in Verseck, “Hungary Has Passed New Anti-LGBTQ+ Legislation,” www.dw.com/en/hungary-approves-law-banning-lgbtq-content-for-minors/a-57909844.

149      banned . . . content pertaining to homosexuality or gender identity  Balazs Pivarnyik and Bela Szandelszky, “Hungary: Lawmakers Pass Law Barring LGBT Content for Minors,” Associated Press (AP) News, June 15, 2021, apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-europe-hungary-laws-business-d093db541d1ad00bd4b28bb3a22cdb1b; and Jennifer Rankin, “Hungary Passes Law Banning LGBT Content in Schools or Kids’ TV,” The Guardian, June 15, 2021, www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/15/hungary-passes-law-banning-lbgt-content-in-schools.

149      became a model for Florida’s Don’t Say Gay law in 2022 Rod Dreher, an editor at the American Conservative who lives in Hungary, said during an April 2022 appearance at the Danube Institute that Florida’s Don’t Say Gay law “was in fact modeled in part after what Hungary did . . . I was told this by a conservative reporter who . . . said he talked to the press secretary . . .of Governor Ron DeSantis of Florida and she said, ‘oh yeah, we were watching the Hungarians.’” Danube Institute, “An Evening with Rod Dreher—A conversation with the Author of ‘Live Not by Lies,’” YouTube, April 19, 2022, youtu.be/kG1tEZjRvLk?si=wkQeQjJn4Z1yyJ7c. See also Zack Beauchamp, “Ron DeSantis Is Following a Trail Blazed by a Hungarian Authoritarian,” Vox, April 28, 2022, www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2022/4/28/23037788/ron-desantis-florida-viktor-orban-hungary-right-authoritarian; and Ishaan Tharoor, “The Orbanization of America: Florida Shadows Hungary’s War on LGBTQ Rights,” Washington Post, May 18, 2022, www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/18/cpac-hungary-lgbtq-orban-florida-desantis/.

149      “classroom discussion about sexual orientation . . .”  Florida House Bill 1557 (2022 Reg. Sess.), Florida Legislature, 2022, at 1, www.flsenate.gov/Session/Bill/2022/1557/BillText/er/PDF.

149      framed gay teachers . . . as pedophiles “grooming” children Governor Ron DeSantis, immediately after signing the Don’t Say Gay bill into law, claimed of its opponents, “they support sexualizing kids in kindergarten. They support injecting woke gender ideology into second grade classrooms. They support enabling schools to ‘transition’ students to a ‘different gender' without the knowledge of the parent, much less without the parent’s consent.” CBS Miami, “Web Extra: Gov. DeSantis on Signing Parental Rights in Education Legislation,” YouTube, March 28, 2022, youtu.be/jgtvL1AXjMk?si=Sf6B4WtG_7zj3ujB, 6:08–6:28; and Tharoor, “The Orbanization of America,” www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/05/18/cpac-hungary-lgbtq-orban-florida-desantis/.

149      established a searchable database of convicted pedophiles in Hungary  Pivarnyik and Szandelszky, “Hungary: Lawmakers Pass Law Barring LGBT Content for Minors,” apnews.com/article/government-and-politics-europe-hungary-laws-business-d093db541d1ad00bd4b28bb3a22cdb1b; and “Registry of Criminals with Pedophile Offences Made Accessible,” Hungary Today, February 2, 2022, hungarytoday.hu/registry-criminals-peadophile-offences-made-accessible/.

149      handpicked by Orbán  Marton Kasnyik and Andras Gergely, “Orban Taps Conservative Minister as First Woman President,” Bloomberg, December 21, 2021, www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-12-21/hungary-s-orban-digs-in-versus-eu-court-names-presidential-pick.

149      pardoned . . . who had been convicted of covering up sexual abuse  Christian Edwards, “Child Abuse Scandal Rattles Orban’s Image as Defender of ‘Family Values,’” CNN, February 17, 2024, www.cnn.com/2024/02/17/europe/hungary-child-abuse-scandal-orban-family-values-europe-intl/index.html; and Nick Thorpe, " Hungary Resignations Leave Viktor Orban in Biggest Crisis Yet,” BBC News, February 13, 2024, www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68285304.

149      signed off on the pardon  Edwards, “Child Abuse Scandal Rattles Orban’s Image as Defender of ‘Family Values,’” www.cnn.com/2024/02/17/europe/hungary-child-abuse-scandal-orban-family-values-europe-intl/index.html.

149      approved the resignations of Novák and Varga—the only two women  Edwards, “Child Abuse Scandal Rattles Orban’s Image as Defender of ‘Family Values,’” www.cnn.com/2024/02/17/europe/hungary-child-abuse-scandal-orban-family-values-europe-intl/index.html; and Nick Thorpe, “Hungary: Orban Promises New Laws After Child Abuse Scandal After Protests,” BBC News, February 17, 2024, www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68323361.

149      stopped funding and accrediting gender studies degrees  Lauren Kent and Samantha Tapfumaneyi, “Hungary’s PM Bans Gender Study at Colleges Saying ‘People Are Born Either Male or Female,’” CNN, October 19, 2018, www.cnn.com/2018/10/19/europe/hungary-bans-gender-study-at-colleges-trnd/index.html; and Elizabeth Redden, “Hungary Officially Ends Gender Studies Programs,” Inside Higher Ed, October 16, 2018, www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2018/10/17/hungary-officially-ends-gender-studies-programs.

149      Florida’s Don’t Say Gay law as a counter to “woke gender ideology” CBS Miami, “Web Extra: Gov. DeSantis on Signing Parental Rights in Education Legislation,” youtu.be/jgtvL1AXjMk?si=Sf6B4WtG_7zj3ujB, 6:05–6:28.

149      opposes abortion and same-sex marriage Carlos S. Maldonado, “Bukele Attacks Gender Theory and Removes It from Public Schools in El Salvador,” El País English, March 1, 2024, english.elpais.com/international/2024-03-01/bukele-attacks-gender-theory-and-removes-it-from-public-schools-in-el-salvador.html.

149      opposition to “gender ideology” in the country’s schools and colleges  Nayib Bukele quoted in Maldonado, “Bukele Attacks Gender Theory and Removes It from Public Schools in El Salvador.” See also “‘Unnatural, Anti-God and Anti-family’: Nayib Bukele Removes Content with Gender Ideology from Schools,” La Nacion, February 28, 2024, www.lanacion.com.ar/el-mundo/antinatural-antidios-y-antifamilia-nayib-bukele-retira-el-contenido-con-ideologia-de-genero-de-las-nid28022024/, via Google Translate.

149      “Confirmed: we have removed all use or trace . . .”  José Mauricio Pineda R., X, February 27, 2024, 1:30 p.m., x.com/JMauricioPineda/status/1762545694190023000, archived at archive.today, June 24, 2025 capture, archive.ph/Ko8Gy.

149      one of the highest femicide rates in Latin America  “Of the 19 countries and territories in Latin America that reported the number of femicides or gender-related killings of women in 2022, the highest rates were seen in Honduras (6.0 per 100,000 women), the Dominican Republic (2.9) and El Salvador and Uruguay (1.6).” United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, “In 2022, at Least 4,050 Women Were Victims of Femicide in Latin America and the Caribbean: ECLAC,” press release, November 23, 2023, www.cepal.org/en/pressreleases/2022-least-4050-women-were-victims-femicide-latin-america-and-caribbean-eclac.

150      “Candidate Gabriel Boric, would you include . . .” CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,” www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 44:36–44:41.

150      “Of course, we believe in comprehensive sex education” CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,” www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 44:42–44:45.

150      gave a talk on the book in the Magallanes region  “And I had the opportunity to present that book when it came out in the Magallanes region.” CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,”www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 44:45–44:51.

150      “what is your response to the inclusion of the book?”  CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,” www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 48:08–48:13.

150      “The state is not to judge, it is to protect . . .”  CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,” www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 48:16–48:27.

150      “one candidate here . . . proposes to eliminate the gender agenda”  CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,” www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 48:53–49:00.

150      “We are in 2021; that is why I am so vehement . . .”  CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,” www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 48:41–48:52.

150      "José Antonio Kast, would you like to respond?" CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,” www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 49:17–49:19.

150      “No one could ever say here that . . .” CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,” www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 49:33–49:36.

150      “a single mother, a single father, a single grandparent . . .” CNN Chile, “Debate presidencial Anatel 2021,”www.youtube.com/live/hF-H0sIK_gU?si=oOYqVCftlItaQNL3, 49:37–49:45.

150      “I have never supported discrimination . . .”  Riikka Purra, “Defense Speech,” RiikkaPurra.net, July 27, 2013, riikkapurra.net/2023/07/27/puolustuspuheenvuoro, via Google Translate.

150      wrote about shooting immigrants  Following an interaction with immigrants on a train, Purra wrote, “If they gave me a gun, there’d be bodies on a commuter train, you’ll see.” Riikka Purra, September 2008, quoted in Jon Henley, “Finnish Far-Right Finance Minister Accused of Racist Online Comments,” The Guardian, July 11, 2023, www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/11/finnish-far-right-finance-minister-riikka-purra-accused-of-racist-online-comments.

150      “spitting on beggars and beating [N-word] . . .”  Riikka Purra, July 2008, quoted in Henley, “Finnish Far-Right Finance Minister Accused of Racist Online Comments,” www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/11/finnish-far-right-finance-minister-riikka-purra-accused-of-racist-online-comments. The date of this post is provided in Pekka Mykkänen et al., “The ‘Riikka’ Who Used Racist Language in Halla-aho’s Guestbook Appears to be Riikka Purra—‘I Have Expressed Myself in Ways That I Would Not Accept Today,’” Helsingin Sanomat (HS), July 10, 2023, via Wayback Machine, July 11, 2023 capture, web.archive.org/web/20230711104737/https://www.hs.fi/politiikka/art-2000009709571.html?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=toimitus-dlvr, via Google Translate.     

150      “so full of hate and pure rage” Riikka Purra, January 2008, quoted in Henley, “Finnish Far-Right Finance Minister Accused of Racist Online Comments,” www.theguardian.com/world/2023/jul/11/finnish-far-right-finance-minister-riikka-purra-accused-of-racist-online-comments.

150      “In India’s democratic values, there’s absolutely no discrimination . . .” “Remarks by President Biden and Prime Minister Modi of the Republic of India in Joint Press Conference,” White House, June 22, 2023, bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2023/06/22/remarks-by-president-biden-and-prime-minister-modi-of-the-republic-of-india-in-joint-press-conference/.

151       earned the most votes in the first round  Eva Vergara and Joshua Goodman, “Ex-Protester, Far-Right Lawmaker to Meet in Chilean Runoff,” Associated Press (AP) News, November 22, 2021, apnews.com/article/business-elections-presidential-elections-south-america-chile-86e72bcd0193207f79479ce9cb726092.

151       came in second  Vergara and Goodman, “Ex- Protester, Far-Right Lawmaker to Meet in Chilean Runoff,” apnews.com/article/business-elections-presidential-elections-south-america-chile-86e72bcd0193207f79479ce9cb726092.

151       Neither candidate secured a majority of the vote  Vergara and Goodman, “Ex- Protester, Far-Right Lawmaker to Meet in Chilean Runoff,” apnews.com/article/business-elections-presidential-elections-south-america-chile-86e72bcd0193207f79479ce9cb726092.

151       Kast lost the runoff Boric won 55.87 percent of the vote, compared with 44.13 percent who cast their ballots for Kast. IFES Election Guide, “Chilean Presidency Round 2,” December 19, 2021, last updated August 2, 2023, accessed February 6, 2025, www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3822/.