Chapter 21: Christian Land?

94       “This is not a human right to come here” “‘Tucker Carlson Tonight’ on Vaccines, Hungary Prime Minister Interview,” www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-carlson-tonight-on-vaccines-hungary-prime-minister-interview, 4:20–4:23.

94       “No way, because it’s our land”  “‘Tucker Carlson Tonight’ on Vaccines, Hungary Prime Minister Interview,” www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-carlson-tonight-on-vaccines-hungary-prime-minister-interview, 4:23–4:25.

94       “Saying what you just said . . .” “‘Tucker Carlson Tonight’ on Vaccines, Hungary Prime Minister Interview,” www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-carlson-tonight-on-vaccines-hungary-prime-minister-interview, 4:29–4:40.

94       “Because many European countries decided . . .”  “‘Tucker Carlson Tonight’ on Vaccines, Hungary Prime Minister Interview,” www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-carlson-tonight-on-vaccines-hungary-prime-minister-interview, 4:40–4:48.

94       “They believe firmly that if different communities . . .”  “‘Tucker Carlson Tonight’ on Vaccines, Hungary Prime Minister Interview,” www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-carlson-tonight-on-vaccines-hungary-prime-minister-interview, 4:50–5:14.

94       first Christians practiced in the first century Charles Freeman, A New History of Early Christianity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), 40. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/811405743.

94       spread throughout the Roman empire  Freeman, A New History of Early Christianity, 45, 47–66, 123–132. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/811405743.

94       edict of toleration in the fourth century Freeman, A New History of Early Christianity, 227, 272–274. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/811405743.

94       more than 43,000 years after Europe’s original inhabitants  Rebecca Riffkin, “When Did Homo Sapiens Enter Europe?” American Association for the Advancement of Science, Qualia blog, November 7, 2011, www.aaas.org/taxonomy/term/9/when-did-homo-sapiens-enter-europe.

94       Muslims arrived in Europe  Maurits Berger,  A Brief History of Islam in Europe: Thirteen Centuries of Creed, Conflict and Coexistence (Leiden, Netherlands: Leiden University Press, 2014), 35. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/899009266.

94       arrived in the Carpathian Basin in the ninth century Lázló Kontler, A History of Hungary: Millennium in Central Europe (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), 41. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/474245731?oclcNum=474245731.

94–95 came from a place called Etelkötz. . . and northeast Romania Magyars emerged as a distinct people between the eighth and fifth centuries B.C. “between the Volga and Ural Mountains.” Before entering the Carpathian Basin, the “Magyars occupied the region formerly ruled by the Bulghars between the Dnieper and the Lower Danube which was later called Etelkötz in Hungarian.” András Róna-Tas, Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages: An Introduction to Early Hungarian History, trans. Nicholas Bodoczky (New York: Central European Press, 1999), 319. 413. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/654357432.

95       began to largely convert to Christianity  Kontler, A History of Hungary, 48–49. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/474245731?oclcNum=474245731.

95       Islam was founded in the seventh century Berger, A Brief History of Islam in Europe, 35. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/899009266.

95       spread across the Middle East . . . parts of Europe’s Caucasus  Berger, A Brief History of Islam in Europe, 35, 39. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/899009266.

95       gained control . . . in the eighth century Berger, A Brief History of Islam in Europe, 35, 41–42. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/899009266.

95       drove Muslim rulers . . . to convert to Christianity “By the end of the fifteenth century, the Reconquista in Spain was complete in territorial terms—the last Moorish stronghold of Granada was taken in 1492 CE— but then this struggle continued in human terms. In 1492, the Jews in Spain were given the choice between emigration and conversion to Catholicism. A similar fate befell the Muslims, although in a much more protracted way, over the period between 1499 and 1527 CE. By 1527, there were officially no more Muslims in Spain. The Muslims who had opted for conversion to Christianity were called ‘new Christians’ to distinguish them from the indigenous ‘old’ Christians, but became known as Moriscos.” Berger, A Brief History of Islam in Europe, 124. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/899009266.

95       the new Muslim Ottoman Empire succeeded Berger, A Brief History of Islam in Europe, 109. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/899009266.

95       ushered Islam into most of southeastern Europe Berger, A Brief History of Islam in Europe, 109. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/899009266.

95       where it remains the principal religion Xavier Bougarel, “Balkan Islam as ‘European Islam’: Historical Background and Present Challenges,” in Islam and Muslime in (Südost) Europa im Kontext von Transformation und EU-Erweiterung eds. Christian Voss and Jordanka Telbizova-Sack (Munich: Otto Sagner, 2010), shs.hal.science/halshs-02610495/document, 3.

95       majority-Muslim nations of . . .  Bougarel, “Balkan Islam as ‘European Islam’: Historical Background and Present Challenges,” shs.hal.science/halshs-02610495/document, 3.

95       where Muslims form a significant minority, such as . . .  Bougarel, “Balkan Islam as ‘European Islam’: Historical Background and Present Challenges,” shs.hal.science/halshs-02610495/document, 3.

95       the fourth-largest number of migrants Phillip Connor, “Number of Refugees to Europe Surges to Record 1.3 Million in 2015,” Pew Research Center, August 2, 2016, www.pewresearch.org/global/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/08/Pew-Research-Center-Europe-Asylum-Report-FINAL-August-2-2016.pdf, 15.

95       the fifth largest Connor, “Number of Refugees to Europe Surges to Record 1.3 Million in 2015,” www.pewresearch.org/global/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/08/Pew-Research-Center-Europe-Asylum-Report-FINAL-August-2-2016.pdf, 15.

95       also came from Serbia, Russia, and Ukraine Connor, “Number of Refugees to Europe Surges to Record 1.3 Million in 2015,” www.pewresearch.org/global/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/08/Pew-Research-Center-Europe-Asylum-Report-FINAL-August-2-2016.pdf, 15.

95       as many as 14 percent  Five percent of migrants were from Kosovo, 5 percent were from Albania, 2 percent were from Ukraine, 1 percent were from Serbia, and 1 percent were from Russia. We do not know what percentage of those migrants were White. Connor, “Number of Refugees to Europe Surges to Record 1.3 Million in 2015,” www.pewresearch.org/global/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/08/Pew-Research-Center-Europe-Asylum-Report-FINAL-August-2-2016.pdf, 15.

95       the second-largest religion in Europe is Islam Gina A. Zurlo, “Appendix: Religions in Europe: A Statistical Summary,” in The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Europe (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2021), eds. Grace Davie and Lucian N. Leustean, 795. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1292077714.

95–96 “are mixed up”  “‘Tucker Carlson Tonight’ on Vaccines, Hungary Prime Minister Interview,” www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-carlson-tonight-on-vaccines-hungary-prime-minister-interview, 5:10–5:11.

96       “We, Hungarians decided not to take that risk . . .” “‘Tucker Carlson Tonight’ on Vaccines, Hungary Prime Minister Interview,” www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-carlson-tonight-on-vaccines-hungary-prime-minister-interview, 5:25–5:32,

96       “So, it has been six years since Germany . . .” “Millions”  “‘Tucker Carlson Tonight’ on Vaccines, Hungary Prime Minister Interview,” www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-carlson-tonight-on-vaccines-hungary-prime-minister-interview, 5:43–5:53.

96       took in 1.1 million immigrants Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office of Germany), “Net Immigration of Foreigners in 2015 at 1.1 Million,” press release no. 105, March 21, 2016, www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2016/03/PD16_105_12421.html; and Federal Statistical Office of Germany, “82.2 Million Inhabitants at the End of 2015—Population Increase Due to High Immigration,” press release no. 295, August 26, 2016, www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2016/08/PD16_295_12411.html.

96       “Millions. Non-German speakers, mostly Muslim” “‘Tucker Carlson Tonight’ on Vaccines, Hungary Prime Minister Interview,” 5:53–5:56, www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-carlson-tonight-on-vaccines-hungary-prime-minister-interview.

96       “What have the effects been in Germany”  “‘Tucker Carlson Tonight’ on Vaccines, Hungary Prime Minister Interview,” 5:56–5:58, www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-carlson-tonight-on-vaccines-hungary-prime-minister-interview.

96       “They took the risk and now . . .”  “‘Tucker Carlson Tonight’ on Vaccines, Hungary Prime Minister Interview,” 6:08–6:13, www.foxnews.com/transcript/tucker-carlson-tonight-on-vaccines-hungary-prime-minister-interview.

96       Roughly 1 percent . . . increased to 44 percent by 2018  Sekou Keita and Helen Dempster, “Five Years Later, One Million Refugees Are Thriving in Germany,” Center for Global Development, blog, December 4, 2020, www.cgdev.org/blog/five-years-later-one-million-refugees-are-thriving-germany.

96       “Merkel’s decision to admit one million refugees . . .”  Keita and Dempster, “Five Years Later, One Million Refugees Are Thriving in Germany,” www.cgdev.org/blog/five-years-later-one-million-refugees-are-thriving-germany.

96       nearly one-sixth of skilled workers were immigrants “The Importance of Immigration for the German Economy,” German Economic Institute, October 11, 2022, www.iwkoeln.de/en/studies/wido-geis-thoene-the-importance-of-immigration-for-the-german-economy.html; and Wido Geis-Thöne, “The Importance of Immigration for German’s Economic Success,” German Economic Institute, IW Analyses 151 (October 2022), www.iwkoeln.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Studien/IW-Analysen/PDF/2022/Analysen_151_Bedeutung-Zuwanderung.pdf, 4, via Google Translate.

96       helped stabilize Germany’s economy “The Importance of Immigration for the German economy,” www.iwkoeln.de/en/studies/wido-geis-thoene-the-importance-of-immigration-for-the-german-economy.html; and Geis-Thöne, “The Importance of Immigration for Germany’s Economic Success,” www.iwkoeln.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Studien/IW-Analysen/PDF/2022/Analysen_151_Bedeutung-Zuwanderung.pdf, 4, 69.

96       in order to conceal its benefits to White people The more people coming to an advanced economy, typically the more economic and cultural activity. Ethan Lewis and Giovanni Peri, “Immigration and the Economy of Cities and Regions,” National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Working Paper 20428 (August 2014), www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w20428/w20428.pdf, 69; Stuart Anderson, “Immigrants Raise Wages And Boost Employment Of U.S.-Born Workers,” Forbes, May 1, 2024, www.forbes.com/sites/stuartanderson/2024/05/01/immigrants-raise-wages-and-boost-employment-of-us-born-workers/; Ksenia Koloskova et al., “Immigration and Economic Prosperity,” VoxEU, Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), January 12, 2017, cepr.org/voxeu/columns/immigration-and-economic-prosperity; Philipp Engler et al., “Migration to Advanced Economies Can Raise Growth,” IMF Blog, International Monetary Fund (IMF), June 19, 2020, www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2020/06/19/blog-weo-chapter4-migration-to-advanced-economies-can-raise-growth; “The Contribution of Migration to Regional Development,” Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Regional Development Studies, March 10, 2022, www.oecd.org/en/publications/the-contribution-of-migration-to-regional-development_57046df4-en.html; and “Immigrants in Creative Industries,” American Immigration C0uncil, August 1, 2019, www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/report/immigrants-in-creative-industries.