Chapter 114: Real Traitors

424      appeared at a Turning Point USA event at . . .Terry Spencer et al., “Bolsonaro Ponders Election Defeat, as Crowd Chants ‘Fraud,’” Associated Press (AP) News, February 3, 2023, apnews.com/article/jair-bolsonaro-politics-united-states-government-brazil-florida-state-d76610dcae6f4a2490ae596f2136728d.   

424      was Charlie Kirk Spencer et al., “Bolsonaro Ponders Election Defeat, as Crowd Chants ‘Fraud,’” apnews.com/article/jair-bolsonaro-politics-united-states-government-brazil-florida-state-d76610dcae6f4a2490ae596f2136728d.   

424      did not “understand” how he lost the election Jair Bolsonaro’s statement, in Portuguese, appears at Turning Point USA, “TPUSA Presents the Power of the People Event Live Featuring Charlie Kirk & Jair Bolsonaro,” YouTube, February 3, 2023, www.youtube.com/live/jgS6ydhGALw?si=JVN-ylRJs-bxDJAJ, 31:55–32:05, via Google Translate. A translator working for Bolsonaro said to the crowd in English, “Brazil is doing very well, but we can’t understand the reasons why the left won.” Turning Point USA, “TPUSA Presents the Power of the People Event Live Featuring Charlie Kirk & Jair Bolsonaro,” www.youtube.com/live/jgS6ydhGALw?si=JVN-ylRJs-bxDJAJ, 32:17–37:23. Bolsonaro’s statement is translated as “I cannot understand the reasons why (the election) decided to go to the left” in Spencer et al., “Bolsonaro Ponders Election Defeat, as Crowd Chants ‘Fraud,’” apnews.com/article/jair-bolsonaro-politics-united-states-government-brazil-florida-state-d76610dcae6f4a2490ae596f2136728d. 

424      “Fraud! Fraud! Fraud!” Turning Point USA, “TPUSA Presents the Power of the People Event Live Featuring Charlie Kirk & Jair Bolsonaro,” www.youtube.com/live/jgS6ydhGALw?si=JVN-ylRJs-bxDJAJ, 32:05–32:30. See also Spencer et al., “Bolsonaro Ponders Election Defeat, as Crowd Chants ‘Fraud,’” apnews.com/article/jair-bolsonaro-politics-united-states-government-brazil-florida-state-d76610dcae6f4a2490ae596f2136728d. 

424      “little old women and little old men . . .” Bolsonaro quoted in Jack Nicas, “Brazil Bars Bolsonaro from Office for Election-Fraud Claims,” New York Times, June 30, 2023, www.nytimes.com/2023/06/30/world/americas/bolsonaro-brazil-banned-office.html. 

424      denied that he’d lost the 2020 election Brett Samuels, “Trump’s 2020 Election Claims Back in Spotlight in Closing Weeks of Campaign,” The Hill, October 8, 2024, thehill.com/h.omenews/campaign/4920303-trump-refusal-election-loss/. 

424      downplayed the insurrection Michelle L. Price et al., “Trump Downplays Jan. 6 on the Anniversary of the Capitol Siege and Calls Jailed Rioters ‘Hostages,’” AP News, January 6, 2024, apnews.com/article/trump-iowa-caucuses-young-conservatives-campaign-2ca7441852577795123845811b06bc06. 

424      framed the insurrectionists as patriots . . . For a study on the ways that the concept of “patriot” has been used in the context of the two insurrections and in right-wing media, see: Joao V. S. Ozawa et al., “Brazilian Capitol Attack: The Interaction Between Bolsonaro’s Supporters’ Content, WhatsApp, Twitter, and News Media,” Misinformation Review 5, no. 2(April 2024), Harvard Kennedy School, misinforeview.hks.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/ozawa_brazil_capitol_attack_20240409.pdf, 1-14. 

424      cast . . . as subjects of political persecution Tal Axelrod, “How Trump Has Responded to the Jan. 6 Committee,” ABC News, December 19, 2022, abcnews.go.com/Politics/trump-responded-jan-6-committee/story?id=95323334; Luciana Novaes Magalhaes et al., “Reuters Exclusive Interview with Jair Bolsonaro,” Reuters, July 18, 2025, www.reuters.com/world/reuters-interview-with-former-brazilian-president-jair-bolsonaro-2025-07-18/; Brian Osgood, “Why Does Donald Trump Want to Pardon the Rioters from the January 6 Attack?” Al Jazeera, January 6, 2025,  www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/6/why-does-donald-trump-want-to-pardon-the-rioters-from-the-january-6-attack. 

424      “to arouse the passions of a fanatical mob” . . . “the civilized world” . . . Jubal Early, A Memoir of the Last Year of the War for Independence in the Confederate States of America (Lynchburg, VA: Charles W. Button, 1867), www.google.com/books/edition/A_Memoir_of_the_Last_Year_of_the_War_for/3R1CAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR1&printsec=frontcover, vii-viii.

424      “inferior race” . . . “as happy and contented as any in the world” Early, A Memoir of the Last Year of the War for Independence in the Confederate States of America,www.google.com/books/edition/A_Memoir_of_the_Last_Year_of_the_War_for/3R1CAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR1&printsec=frontcover, viii.

424–425  “duty” . . .“ defend” . . . “against invasion” . . . “real traitors who . . .” “established . . .” Early, A Memoir of the Last Year of the War for Independence in the Confederate States of America, www.google.com/books/edition/A_Memoir_of_the_Last_Year_of_the_War_for/3R1CAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR1&printsec=frontcover, iii-iv.

425       not for “the institution of slavery, but for . . .” Early, A Memoir of the Last Year of the War for Independence in the Confederate States of America,www.google.com/books/edition/A_Memoir_of_the_Last_Year_of_the_War_for/3R1CAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PR1&printsec=frontcover, iii-iv, viii-ix.

425       “negroes have neither the intelligence nor . . .” Robert E. Lee, “White Sulphur Manifesto,” 1868, in The Confederate and Neo-Confederate Reader: The ‘Great Truth’ About the ‘Lost Cause,’ ed. James W. Loewen and Edward H. Sebesta (Jackson MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2010), 256. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/671655130. 

425       “relief from oppressive misrule” . . . “the right of self-government" Lee, “White Sulphur Manifesto,” 254. Find The Confederate and Neo-Confederate Reader, in which Lee’s “Manifesto” appears, search.worldcat.org/title/671655130. 

425       argued . . . “sovereignty” over the Southern states Jefferson Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, Vol. 1 (New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1881), archive.org/details/risefallofconfed01daviuoft/page/98/mode/2up, 99.

425       “declared to be guilty of insurrection” Davis, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, archive.org/details/risefallofconfed01daviuoft/page/324/mode/2up, 325.

425       discussed video footage . . . provided by . . . Kevin McCarthy “Tucker Carlson Tonight,” Fox News, March 6, 2023, accessed via Internet Archive, archive.org/details/FOXNEWSW_20230307_010000_Tucker_Carlson_Tonight/start/420/end/480; and Lisa Mascaro et al., “Tucker Carlson amplifies Jan. 6 lies with GOP-provided video,” AP News, March 7, 2023, apnews.com/article/jan-6-tucker-carlson-capitol-riot-mccarthy-adc245e22f50b076925eb72948062808. 

425       showed small groups wandering . . . and taking photos “Tucker Carlson Tonight,” Fox News, March 6, 2023, archive.org/details/FOXNEWSW_20230307_010000_Tucker_Carlson_Tonight/start/420/end/480, 0:28–1:00.

425       “The footage does not show . . .” “Tucker Carlson Tonight,” Fox News, March 6, 2023, archive.org/details/FOXNEWSW_20230307_010000_Tucker_Carlson_Tonight/start/300/end/360, 0:40–0:45.

425       “The video record does not support the claim . . .” “Tucker Carlson Tonight,” Fox News, March 6, 2023, archive.org/details/FOXNEWSW_20230307_010000_Tucker_Carlson_Tonight/start/360/end/420,  0:27–0:32.

425       “the overwhelming majority” . . . “peaceful . . . orderly and meek . . .” “Tucker Carlson Tonight,” Fox News, March 6, 2023, archive.org/details/FOXNEWSW_20230307_010000_Tucker_Carlson_Tonight/start/420/end/480, 0:26–0:34.

425       “normal tourist visit” Andrew Clyde quoted in Grace Segers, “‘Normal Tourist Visit’: Some Republicans Downplay January 6 Riot Amid Democratic Objections,” CBS News, May 13, 2021, www.cbsnews.com/news/capitol-riot-january-6-hearing-lawmakers-clash/. 

425       “with love in their heart” “Read: Transcript of CNN’s Town Hall with Former President Donald Trump,” CNN, May 11, 2023, www.cnn.com/2023/05/11/politics/transcript-cnn-town-hall-trump/index.html. 

425       swung . . . and tackled him on January 6 Eduardo Medina and Remy Tumin, “Ex-N.Y.P.D. Officer Gets 10 Years for Jan. 6 Attack, Longest Sentence to Date,” New York Times, September 1, 2022, www.nytimes.com/2022/09/01/us/jan-6-nypd-officer-sentenced.html. 

425       “I felt like I was the cop and he was the protester” Thomas Webster quoted in Medina and Tumin, “Ex-N.Y.P.D. Officer Gets 10 Years for Jan. 6 Attack, Longest Sentence to Date,” www.nytimes.com/2022/09/01/us/jan-6-nypd-officer-sentenced.html. 

425       the first insurrectionist to present a self-defense argument at trial Medina and Tumin, “Ex-N.Y.P.D. Officer Gets 10 Years for Jan. 6 Attack, Longest Sentence to Date,” www.nytimes.com/2022/09/01/us/jan-6-nypd-officer-sentenced.html. 

425       sentenced to ten years in prison Medina and Tumin, “Ex-N.Y.P.D. Officer Gets 10 Years for Jan. 6 Attack, Longest Sentence to Date,” www.nytimes.com/2022/09/01/us/jan-6-nypd-officer-sentenced.html. 

425       “probably do hate the American founders . . .” Garrett Ziegler quoted in Stephen Collinson, “Trump’s Latest Actions Present Urgent New Questions for a GOP That Has Refused to Constrain Him,” CNN, July 21, 2022, www.cnn.com/2022/07/21/politics/trump-steal-2020-election-jan-6-committee/index.html. 

425       “a Bolshevistic anti-White campaign” Ziegler quoted in Collinson, “Trump’s Latest Actions Present Urgent New Questions for a GOP That Has Refused to Constrain Him,” www.cnn.com/2022/07/21/politics/trump-steal-2020-election-jan-6-committee/index.html. 

425       used to describe anti-Nazi campaigns Much of Nazi propaganda centered around what they called “Jewish-Bolshevisim” or Soviet Bolshevisim. For example, see: Harold Callendar, “Nazis Trying to Play on Old Fears of Russia; New Propaganda Line Seems to Aim at Winning Assent to Negotiated Peace,” New York Times, February 7, 1943, www.nytimes.com/1943/02/07/archives/nazis-trying-to-play-on-old-fears-of-russia-new-propaganda-line.html; “Field Marshall Walter Von Reichenau Orders for Conduct in the East: Crushing the Jewish-Bolshevist System,” October 10, 1941, in The Third Reich Sourcebook, ed. Anson Rabinbach, et al. (Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 2013), 740-741. For research on Bolshevism in Nazi propaganda, see Lorna L. Waddington, “The Anti-Komintern and Nazi Anti-Bolshevik Propaganda in the 1930s,” Journal of Contemporary History 42, no. 4, (October 2007), doi.org/10.1177/0022009407081488, 573–594. Visit search.worldcat.org/title/849787041 to find The Third Reich Sourcebook at a library.

426      54 percent . . . “people participated in a legitimate public discourse” The Economist/YouGov Poll, “March 11–14, 2023—1500 U.S. Adult Citizens,” docs.cdn.yougov.com/kqdsel6n6j/econTabReport.pdf, 68.

426      27 percent, “strongly or somewhat” approved The Economist/YouGov Poll, “March 11–14, 2023—1500 U.S. Adult Citizens,” docs.cdn.yougov.com/kqdsel6n6j/econTabReport.pdf, 69.

426      nearly a quarter . . . “because things have gotten so far off track . . .” “Threats to American Democracy Ahead of an Unprecedented Presidential Election,” Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI), October 25, 2023, prri.org/research/threats-to-american-democracy-ahead-of-an-unprecedented-presidential-election/.   

426      an increase from 15 percent in 2021 “Threats to American Democracy Ahead of an Unprecedented Presidential Election,” prri.org/research/threats-to-american-democracy-ahead-of-an-unprecedented-presidential-election/.   

426      in 2023, 41 percent of believers in “replacement theory” . . . necessary David Smith, “Nearly One in Four Americans Believe Political Violence Justified to ‘Save’ US,” The Guardian, October 25, 2023, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/oct/25/us-political-violence-justified-survey. 

426      A third of Republicans Smith, “Nearly One in Four Americans Believe Political Violence Justified to ‘Save’ US,” www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/oct/25/us-political-violence-justified-survey. 

426      three times more likely than . . . to hold this viewpoint “Threats to American Democracy Ahead of an Unprecedented Presidential Election,” prri.org/research/threats-to-american-democracy-ahead-of-an-unprecedented-presidential-election/.

426      Nearly a third of U.S. veterans . . . nearly a fifth . . . Steve Beynon, “Nearly 1 in 3 Veterans Agree with Racist Great Replacement Theory, Rand Study Finds,” Military.com, May 23, 2023, www.military.com/daily-news/2023/05/23/study-finds-fewer-vets-back-qanon-many-accept-racist-conspiracy-theory.html. 

426      even more Republican respondents (29 percent) . . . “true American patriots may have to resort . . .” “Challenges to Democracy: The 2024 Election in Focus; Findings from the 2024 American Values Survey,” PRRI, October 11, 2024, www.prri.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/PRRI-Oct-2024-AVS-Draft_B.pdf, 4, 39.