Chapter 11: Know Nothings

55       does not get permission from Fox News  Kelby Vera, “Tucker Carlson’s ‘Unapproved’ Trip to Hungary Could Have Led to His Fox Firing,” HuffPost, November 7, 2023, updated November 8, 2023, www.huffpost.com/entry/tucker-carlson-unapproved-hungary-fired_n_654a6b0fe4b0e63c9dc1220a.

55       most watched primetime cable show  Lindsey Ellefson, “Fox News Ends 2021 as Most-Watched Basic Cable Channel for Sixth Straight Year,” TheWrap, December 29, 2021, www.thewrap.com/cable-news-2021-ratings-fox-news-msnbc-cnn.

55       not far from where his maternal ancestors once lived Henry Miller, Carlson’s maternal great-great-great grandfather, was born in Brackenheim, Germany. Cesar Lombardi, Carlson’s maternal great-great grandfather was born in Switzerland along the Italian border. Hubert Howe Bancroft, Chronicles of the Builders of the Commonwealth: Historical Character Study, Vol 3 (San Francisco, CA: The History Company, 1892), 373, hdl.handle.net/2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t1rf62821; Philip Bump, “Tucker Carlson’s Espousal of ‘Replacement’ Theory Is Both Toxic and Ahistoric,” Washington Post, April 9, 2021, wapo.st/41HBeeE.

55       immigrated from Germany to the United States in 1847 David Igler, Industrial Cowboys: Miller & Lux and the Transformation of the Far West, 1850-1920 (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001), 13. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/49570159.

55       When the war ended in 1848 “Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848),” Milestone Documents, National Archives, accessed December 19, 2024, www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/treaty-of-guadalupe-hidalgo.

55       Miller had gobbled up 1.25 million acres, most of which  Igler, Industrial Cowboys, 4–7. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/49570159.

55       became known as a “cattle king”  Igler, Industrial Cowboys, 4–5, 64. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/49570159.

55       immigrated to New York in 1860 Bump, “Tucker Carlson’s Espousal of ‘Replacement’ Theory Is Both Toxic and Ahistoric,” wapo.st/41HBeeE.

55       long train ride to join relatives in New Orleans Bump, “Tucker Carlson’s Espousal of ‘Replacement’ Theory Is Both Toxic and Ahistoric,” wapo.st/41HBeeE.\

55       “some of the boys disliked me . . .” Cesar Lombardi quoted in Cesar Lombardi, Autobiographical Letters of Cesar Lombardi to His Grandchildren (C. E. Lombardi, 1948), 37, Woodson Research Center Special Collections and Archives, Rice University, hdl.handle.net/1911/62260.

55       “teased me about my pronunciation . . .” Cesar Lombardi quoted Lombardi, Autobiographical Letters of Cesar Lombardi to His Grandchildren, 37, hdl.handle.net/1911/62260.

55       faced ferocious hostility  Bump, “Tucker Carlson’s Espousal of ‘Replacement’ Theory Is Both Toxic and Ahistoric,” wapo.st/41HBeeE.

55–56  Order of the Star Spangled Banner, before taking the name the American Party  Ronald P. Formisano, For the People: American Populist Movements from the Revolution to the 1850s (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2008), 199. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/233573309.

56       “I know nothing”  Formisano, For the People, 199. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/233573309. Katie Oxx, The Nativist Movement in America: Religious Conflict in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Routledge, 2013), 88. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/840414966.

56       pushed a great replacement theory that  Formisano, For the People, 199–203. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/233573309.

56       mobilized Protestants to defend the United States  Formisano, For the People, 199–203. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/233573309.

56       dissolved by 1860 Lorraine Boissoneault, “How the 19th-Century Know Nothing Party Reshaped American Politics,” Smithsonian Magazine, January 26, 2017, www.smithsonianmag.com/history/immigrants-conspiracies-and-secret-society-launched-american-nativism-180961915/.

56       vandalized and burned Catholic homes and institutions Mark Paul Richard, Not A Catholic Nation: The Ku Klux Klan Confronts New England in the 1920s (Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 2015), 132–134. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/963729463. Matthew Wills, “How 1920s Catholic Students Fought the Ku Klux Klan,” JSTOR Daily, February 15, 2020, daily.jstor.org/how-1920s-catholic-students-fought-the-ku-klux-klan/.

56       lynched more than twenty-nine White people of Italian descent  Manfred Berg, Popular Justice: A History of Lynching in America (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2011), 128. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1249712846.

56       a single mass lynching in New Orleans in 1891  Berg, Popular Justice, 128–129. Find the library book at search.worldcat.org/title/1249712846.

56       had already left New Orleans  Bump, “Tucker Carlson’s Espousal of ‘Replacement’ Theory Is Both Toxic and Ahistoric,” wapo.st/41HBeeE.

56       wealthy grain merchant, amateur political scientist . . .Diana J. Kleiner, “Lombardi, Cesar Maurice,” Handbook of Texas, Texas State Historical Association, May 9, 2017, www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/lombardi-cesar-maurice.

56       married journalist Dick Carlson Bump, “Tucker Carlson’s Espousal of ‘Replacement’ Theory Is Both Toxic and Ahistoric,” wapo.st/41HBeeE.

56       bore two boys  Bump, “Tucker Carlson’s Espousal of ‘Replacement’ Theory Is Both Toxic and Ahistoric,” wapo.st/41HBeeE.