Chapter 10: Long Shadow

48    “You’re talking about deporting”  “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes, CBS, March 5, 2017,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 5:36–5:38.

48    “Expulsion” “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 5:38–5:39.

48    “There’s a lot of fear . . .” “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 5:41–5:45.

48    “I think a lot of people are trying to scare them”  “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 5:45–5:47.

48    “But in reality, they have nothing to fear . . .” “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 5:47–6:00.

48    “Many people are worried . . .”  “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 6:06–6:11.

48    “Her father, Jean-Marie Le Pen, is a political pugilist . . .”  “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 6:12–6:25

48    the largest Jewish community  France has the third-largest Jewish population in the world, behind Israel and the United States. Sergio DellaPergola, “World Jewish Population, 2021,” in The American Jewish Year Book 121, eds. Arnold Dashefsky and Ira M. Sheskin (Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2021), 26. Find the library book atsearch.worldcat.org/title/1342787038.

48    the largest Black community in Europe  “Today France has probably the largest Black population in Europe. No one really knows that exact number thanks to the refusal of the French government" to collect racial data, “but some have estimated a Black population of three to five million.” Sylvain Pattieu, et al., “Introduction: A Historical Mosaic,” in The Black Populations of France: Histories from Metropole to Colony, eds. Pattieu et al., (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2022), 2. Find the library book atsearch.worldcat.org/title/1476465759.

48    French laws prohibiting collection of racial data  See   James McAuley, “How France’s Aversion to Collecting Data on Race Affects Its Coronavirus Response,” Washington Post, June 26, 2020,www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/coronavirus-france-race-data/2020/06/25/e5b4d0a6-b58d-11ea-9a1d-d3db1cbe07ce_story.html; and Philip Oltermann and Jon Henley, “France and Germany Urged to Rethink Reluctance to Gather Ethnicity Data,” The Guardian, June 16, 2020,www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/16/france-and-germany-urged-to-rethink-reluctance-to-gather-ethnicity-data.

48    Nazi concentration camps  “Concentration Camps in France,” Yad Vashem: The World Holocaust Remembrance Center, accessed December 19, 2024,www.yadvashem.org/holocaust/france/camps-in-france.html.

48    where four officers stopped and searched Théo Luhaka These and the following details on the police assault of Théo Luhaka can be found in Thomas Mackintosh, “Théo Luhaka: French Police Officers Given Suspended Sentences for Brutal Assault,” BBC News, January 19, 2024,www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-68034899.

49    had taken to the streets for more than ten days  “French Protests Against Police Violence Move to Central Paris,” France 24, February 18, 2017,www.france24.com/en/20170218-french-protests-against-police-violence-move-central-paris.

49    urged the government to ban the demonstrations  Marine Le Pen, “Anti-police Protests: I Demand a Ban,” Front National, press release, February 18, 2017, accessed via Wayback Machine, February 18, 2017 capture,web.archive.org/web/20170218201801/http://www.frontnational.com/2017/02/manifestations-contre-la-police-je-demande-linterdiction/, via Google Translate.

49    “arrest people . . . track people . . . put them in jail . . .” “Listen: Trump Tells Governors They Are ‘Weak,’ Urges Crackdown on Protests,” PBS News, June 1, 2020,www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/trump-slams-governors-as-weak-urges-crackdown-on-protests.


49    “One night, when Marine was eight a massive bomb . . .” “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 6:42–6:47.

49    “Incredibly, no one was killed” “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 6:47–6:49.

49    “She took us back to her old . . .” “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 6:49–6:53.

49    “The building was torn apart” “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 6:53–6:55.

49    “The back of the building was completely destroyed”  “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 6:55–6:58.\

49    “Her father’s bigotry cast a long shadow . . .”  “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 7:08–7:20.

50    Le Pen lost the presidential election in 2017  International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFEE) Election Guide, “French Presidency 2017 Round 2,” May 7, 2017, last updated June 21, 2024, accessed January 15, 2025,www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3000/.

50    proposed changing the party’s name  Amir Vera, “Marine Le Pen Wants to Rebrand the French Nationalist Party with a New Name,” CNN, March 11, 2018,www.cnn.com/2018/03/11/us/france-national-front-party-name-change/index.html.

50    party that allied with the Nazis during the occupation of France James McAuley, “France’s Far-Right National Front Wants a New Name: It Picked One with Nazi Links.” Washington Post, March 12, 2018,www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/03/12/frances-far-right-national-front-wants-a-new-name-they-picked-one-with-nazi-links/; and Vera, “Marine Le Pen Wants to Rebrand the French Nationalist Party with a New Name,”www.cnn.com/2018/03/11/us/france-national-front-party-name-change/index.html.

50    co-found the National Front with Jean-Marie Le Pen McAuley, “France’s Far-Right National Front Wants a New Name: It Picked One with Nazi Links,”www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2018/03/12/frances-far-right-national-front-wants-a-new-name-they-picked-one-with-nazi-links/.

50    approved Marine Le Pen’s name change “France’s National Front Renamed ‘National Rally,’” Reuters, June 1, 2018,www.reuters.com/article/world/frances-national-front-renamed-national-rally-idUSKCN1IX5LQ/.

50    kept the flame as the party’s logo  Simon Carraud, “Le Pen Wants France’s National Front to Be Renamed ‘National Rally’'” Reuters, March 12, 2018,www.reuters.com/article/us-france-politics-lepen/le-pen-wants-frances-national-front-to-be-renamed-national-rally-idUSKCN1GN0L7/.

50    “Do you have any contact with him?” “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 7:59–8:00.

50    “No, no—no, I don’t have any contact with him now” “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 8:01–8:05.

50    “We broke up. Broke up politically”  “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 8:06–8:08.

50    a thousand white-robed Klansmen marched Philip Bump, “In 1927, Donald Trump’s Father Was Arrested After a Klan Riot in Queens,” Washington Post, February 29, 2016,wapo.st/3P2D9TB.

50    “native-born Protestant Americans” Klan flyer, 1927, quoted in Bump, “In 1927, Donald Trump’s Father Was Arrested After a Klan Riot in Queens,”wapo.st/3P2D9TB.

50    aggrieved by the purported replacers of their time and place The Klan alleged that being “assaulted by Roman Catholic police of New York City” was the reason for the march. Klan flyer, 1927, quoted in Bump, “In 1927, Donald Trump’s Father Was Arrested After a Klan Riot in Queens,”wapo.st/3P2D9TB.

50    four million Irish Catholics . . . one million German Catholics . . .  For the immigration figures provided in this sentence, see “American Catholicism,” The Pluralism Project, Harvard University, accessed January 6, 2025,pluralism.org/american-catholicism.

50    welcomed a baby boy in June 1928  Rone Tempest, “Le Pen: Dark Side of the French Soul,” Los Angeles Times, May 29, 1990,www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-05-29-wr-246-story.html; and Yves Bizeul, “Between Catholic Traditionalism and Laïcité: The Religious Dimension in Thought and Action of the Front National in France,” in Illiberal Politics and Religion in Europe and Beyond: Concepts, Actors, and Identity Narratives, eds. Anja Hennig, Mirjam Weiberg-Salzmann (Frankfurt, Germany: Campus Verlag, 2021), 167. Find the library book atsearch.worldcat.org/title/1121192311.

50    A riot broke out at that Klan march “Two Fascisti Die in Bronx, Klansmen Riot in Queens, in Memorial Day Clashes,” New York Times, May 31, 1927,nyti.ms/4fK3EIb, 1,7.

50–51 Marchers were arrested  “Two Fascisti Die in Bronx, Klansmen Riot in Queens, in Memorial Day Clashes,” 1,nyti.ms/4fK3EIb; and “Warren Criticizes ‘Class’ Parades,” New York Times, June 1, 1927,nyti.ms/4h18SQX, 16.

51     One of the men arrested by the police was Fred Trump  “Warren Criticizes ‘Class’ Parades,” 16,nyti.ms/4h18SQX; and Bump, “In 1927, Donald Trump’s Father Was Arrested After a Klan Riot in Queens,”wapo.st/3P2D9TB.

51     “a practiced politician” “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 8:27–8:29.

51     “a straight-talking working mom and French everywoman . . .” Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,ww.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 8:38–8:45.

51     an expert on Le Pen’s party  For more on Mayer’s research background, see “Directory of CEE Members: Nonna Mayer,” Centre for European Studies and Comparative Politics, SciencesPo, accessed January 6, 2025,www.sciencespo.fr/centre-etudes-europeennes/en/researcher/nonna-mayer.html.

51     “Mayer says that while her father . . .” “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 9:16–9:24.

51     “There have been cosmetic changes”  “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 9:24–9:26.

51     “Cosmetic changes”  “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 9:26–9:27.

51     “When Donald Trump says, ‘Make America great again’ . . .” “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 10:48–10:51.

51     “Yes, of course” “I’ve been saying that . . ." “Le Pen,” 60 Minutes,www.cbs.com/shows/video/W5gAaj5H4IwSI8AhN0pejoJlIb8UA25d/, 10:52–11:02.

51     “We must continue to affirm . . .” Renaud   Camus, Le Grand Remplacement (Paris: Reinharc, 2011), trans. Grace Ashton (unpublished translation), 73. Find the library book atsearch.worldcat.org/es/title/Le-grand-remplacement/oclc/767578742.

51     became Hungary’s head of government in 2010  Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz won the Hungarian election in April 2010. As chronicled earlier in this Link, Marine Le Pen took over France’s National Front in January 2011. Krisztina Than and Gergely Szakacs, “Fidesz Wins Hungary Election with Strong Mandate,” Reuters, April 11, 2010,www.reuters.com/article/world/us/fidesz-wins-hungary-election-with-strong-mandate-idUSTRE63A1GE/; and Kim Willsher, “Jean-Marie Le Pen Hands Reins Over to Daughter,” The Guardian, January 16, 2011,www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jan/16/marine-le-pen-front-national-leader.